What is dandruff?

It is the name given to an overpopulation of fungi, which translates into a higher rate of cell turnover and the appearance of white or gray scales on the scalp. However, a high production of scales is not necessarily related to dandruff; scalp psoriasis and eczema, for example, can also cause scaling of the scalp.

Although it is generally harmless, dandruff and the resulting scales can be persistent and difficult to remove. To make matters worse, the constant itching that accompanies this problem can be a major issue for people whose hair is already weakened.

A healthy, clean, and residue-free scalp promotes healthy hair growth. Anything that alters the bacterial ecosystem that helps maintain a balanced environment on the scalp can cause symptoms such as dandruff scales.

Since dandruff causes itching and scales on the scalp, those who suffer from it constantly scratch their heads, which, in turn, can damage hair follicles and cause hair loss. If you suffer from dandruff, hair growth is often hampered and its thinning is likely to accelerate, which means that the earlier you start treatment, the better. Let's take a closer look at the causes of dandruff and other preventative measures, such as how to get rid of dry scalp. Try CLINITY Advance Therapy Shampoo to cleanse the scalp and reduce damage to new hair.

What causes dandruff?

There are several causes that can produce dandruff:

Malassezia Globosa. Malassezia Globosa, a fungus found in scalp glands, feeds on natural oils called sebum that keep hair and scalp hydrated.

Our skin is constantly producing new cells and shedding old ones to stay in a healthy state, but this natural cell renewal can sometimes be disrupted when Malassezia grows too fast. When this happens, it causes scalp skin cells to clump together and appear as white flakes.

Seborrheic dermatitis. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common skin condition that involves overgrowth of fungi, which can be triggered by stress, hormones, excessive oil on the scalp, or immune system problems, although the exact cause of the condition is unknown.

SD not only affects the scalp but also the face, area behind the ear, and upper chest. If you have SD, your skin may appear red and oily.

Hair product sensitivity. People can experience a red, itchy scalp due to sensitivity to certain hair care products such as dyes, sprays, gels, and mousses.

In addition, lack of shampoo washing or not rinsing products thoroughly can also cause itching on the scalp and dandruff flakes.

Less common causes of dandruff or scalp flaking

Psoriasis. If you have psoriasis, it means you have an increased production of skin cells, which results in the formation of red, scaly, crusty patches on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. A doctor can often diagnose psoriasis based on the appearance of your skin.

Ringworm of the scalp. Ringworm of the scalp (also known as 'scalp ringworm') is a fungal infection that affects the scalp area and produces circular marks on the skin and frequent itching. It is easily spread through contact with humans or animals and combs and brushes, so it is recommended to talk to your doctor if you experience symptoms of ringworm on the scalp.

How can I get rid of dandruff?

Anti-dandruff Shampoo. The shampoos that work best for treating and removing dandruff contain Copper, Zinc Pyrithione, Salicylic Acid, Selenium Sulfide, or Topical Corticosteroids.

Copper when in contact with the scalp releases an oxide layer, creating an hostile environment for mites and parasites, helping with the removal of dandruff, greasiness and any symptoms caused by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Additionally, after various studies, the influence of this element in increasing levels of melanin and collagen in the body is known. Try the CLINITY Advance Therapy Shampoo with copper nanoparticles.

Zinc Pyrithione is an antimicrobial present in many shampoos and effective against many species of fungi, bacteria, and yeasts Malassezia.

Salicylic Acid is an anti-inflammatory active ingredient that acts as an exfoliant, helping to remove dry, scaly skin. It can be found in shampoos, creams and ointments.

Another antifungal agent used in the treatment of dandruff and ringworm is Selenium Sulfide. Selenium sulfide, which is found in many shampoos, is a complex molecule that fights yeasts and fungi commonly associated with scalp conditions.

Topical Corticosteroids work to reduce skin inflammation and irritation. They are available in creams, lotions, gels, mousses and ointments and are widely used to treat conditions such as eczema, psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis.

How can I prevent dandruff?

• Wash your hair regularly. Although dandruff is not caused by poor hygiene, not washing your hair frequently can cause an accumulation of oil and the appearance of flakes. Washing your hair also minimizes the appearance of flakes.
• Avoid using products that contain harsh chemicals such as bleach, as this can dry out the scalp.
• Avoid using oil-based products, as these can cause an excess of oil on the scalp.
• Avoid too much hot and dry air, as this can dry out the scalp. In winter, try not to use hats too frequently, as the confined heat to the head allows microbes causing dandruff to thrive.
• Keep your stress levels low, as this can sometimes be a contributing factor to dandruff. Stress can disrupt the natural balance of the scalp, leading to the overproduction of skin cells and increased oil production, which can cause the symptoms of dandruff such as itching, flaking, and redness. To help manage stress-related dandruff, it is important to reduce stress levels and maintain a healthy scalp through regular washing and the use of gentle, anti-dandruff shampoos.